It is possible to achieve this through child theme. You can ask the theme to not load the responsive.css by making modifications to functions.php of the child theme by including the following code –
add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'mo_enqueue_styles', 100);
function mo_enqueue_styles() {
wp_deregister_style('style-responsive');
}
You will need to do the following modifications to style.css of the child theme (not the parent) to copy over couple of lines from responsive.css file of the parent theme –
/* Responsive css */
#container { min-width: 1180px; }
.inner, body.fluid-width-page #breadcrumbs, body.fluid-width-page .segment-content {
padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; max-width: 1140px; margin: 0 auto; }
body.fluid-width-page #main .inner, #custom-title-area .wide { max-width: none; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0; }
body.fluid-width-page #content, body.fluid-width-page .entry-content { padding: 0; margin: 0; }
body.fluid-width-page #breadcrumbs { display: none; }
When you make these changes, for most cases, things look good with responsive function disabled. There are just a few lines of media queries related to home page in style.css for responsive function (for client list, e.g.) which you may need to override in the child style.css file.